Peptide Research Glossary: RUO Terms

A

# AOD-9604

A modified fragment of human growth hormone (residues 176–191), tested in research contexts for adipose tissue metabolism.

# Amino acid

An organic molecule containing both an amine and a carboxyl group. Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

# Assay (mg)

The measured mass of active compound per unit. Distinct from HPLC purity: a vial reporting 20.92 mg assay and 99.741% HPLC purity contains 20.92 mg of peptide-related material, of which 99.741% is the parent compound.

B

# BPC-157

Body Protection Compound 157 — a 15-amino-acid fragment derived from gastric juice protein, used in research on tissue repair models.

# Bacterial endotoxin

Lipopolysaccharide fragments from gram-negative bacteria. Low endotoxin (typically <5 EU/Vial) is a release requirement for injectables in pharma. It is a separate test from sterility, not a substitute for it. The archived vial-line record (RET-20-V-2604-001) documents 1.449 EU/Vial via the LAL method.

# Bacteriostatic water

0.9% benzyl alcohol in sterile water, used to reconstitute lyophilized peptides. Lyophilized peptide material must be reconstituted before any in-vitro work; see the reconstitution calculator for the volume math.

C

# CJC-1295

A synthetic GHRH analog with extended half-life, frequently studied in combination with Ipamorelin.

# COA (Certificate of Analysis)

A laboratory-issued report quantifying the purity and identity of a chemical batch. Remy Peptides publishes its archived Janoshik HPLC COAs for documented Retatrutide batches in the /coa/ archive, with per-batch explainers at /lab-results/.

# Cagrisema

A Novo Nordisk fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide (amylin analog) and semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) in Phase 3 trials. Approval tracker at /research/is-cagrisema-approved.

# Controlled storage (2–8°C)

The refrigerated range under which most peptide stability data is generated. Because an analytical record describes material as tested, storage history outside that range is a recognised confounder when interpreting a batch COA.

G

# GHK-Cu

Copper tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys bound to copper), researched in skin and connective tissue models.

# GIP receptor

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor — one of the three receptors engaged by Retatrutide’s triple-agonist mechanism. Also a target of Tirzepatide.

# GLP-1 receptor

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. Target of Semaglutide, Tirzepatide (with GIP), and Retatrutide (with GIP and Glucagon).

# Glucagon receptor

The third receptor in Retatrutide’s triple-agonist profile. Also engaged by Survodutide (with GLP-1).

H

# HCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin — a glycoprotein hormone studied in research models.

# HPLC

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography — the analytical standard for quantifying peptide purity. Separates peptide species by retention time on a C18 column. Plain-English walkthrough at /research/peptide-coa-hplc-purity-guide.

# Heavy metals panel

Test for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) contamination. Required by pharma; rarely published for research-grade material. The archived vial-line record (RET-20-V-2604-001) reports all four not detected.

I

# Ipamorelin

A pentapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue, typically combined with CJC-1295 in research contexts.

J

# Janoshik Analytical

EU-based independent third-party peptide testing lab. Every published Remy batch is tested by Janoshik. Reports carry a task ID and verification key for cross-checking at janoshik.com.

K

# KPV

A tripeptide derived from α-MSH (Lys-Pro-Val). Studied in research on gut and skin inflammation models.

L

# LAL

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate — standard test for bacterial endotoxin. Used by pharma for parenteral sterility. The Remy vial line carries LAL-method endotoxin at 1.449 EU/Vial.

# Lyophilized vial

Freeze-dried peptide powder, stable at room temperature (≤25°C protected from light) until reconstituted with bacteriostatic water.

M

# MOTS-C

A 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide, studied in metabolism research.

# MoHAP Circular 17/2022

UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention circular governing research-use peptides. Permits in-vitro lab use; prohibits marketing for therapeutic use without registration.

N

# NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — a coenzyme central to cellular metabolism, studied in research on aging models.

O

# Orforglipron

An Eli Lilly oral GLP-1 small molecule in Phase 3 trials. Approval tracker at /research/is-orforglipron-approved.

P

# PT-141

Bremelanotide — a melanocortin receptor agonist studied in research on libido pathways.

# Peptide bond

A covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another, with loss of water.

R

# RUO

Research Use Only — framing indicating material is intended for in-vitro laboratory research only, not for human or veterinary use. Every compound page on this site is written under RUO framing.

# Reconstitution

Dissolving a lyophilized peptide in bacteriostatic water. Reconstitution math at the reconstitution calculator.

# Reta

Common short name for Retatrutide (LY-3437943) — “reta” is research shorthand, not a separate compound. Entity reference at the Retatrutide research hub.

# Retatrutide

Eli Lilly LY-3437943 — a triple agonist engaging the GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon receptors. Phase 3 TRIUMPH-4 reported 28.7% mean weight loss at 12mg. Archived batch analytics at /lab-results/. Often shortened to reta.

S

# SS-31

Elamipretide (MTP-131) — a mitochondrial-targeted tetrapeptide studied in mitochondrial-function models.

# Semaglutide

Novo Nordisk GLP-1 agonist (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus). Reference comparator for Retatrutide and Tirzepatide.

# Survodutide

Boehringer Ingelheim GLP-1 / Glucagon dual agonist in late-stage trials. Approval tracker at /research/is-survodutide-approved.

T

# TB-500

A 17-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4. Often studied alongside BPC-157 in tissue-repair models.

# TFA (residual)

Trifluoroacetic acid — a synthesis solvent that can carry over if not fully purified. Invisible to HPLC, tested separately. The archived vial-line record reports TFA not detected.

# Tesamorelin

A synthetic 44-amino-acid GHRH analog, studied in adipose-tissue and growth-axis research models.

# Tirzepatide

Eli Lilly LY-3298176 (Mounjaro / Zepbound) — dual GLP-1 / GIP agonist.

# Triple agonist

A single molecule engaging three distinct receptors. In the GLP-1 family, Retatrutide is the canonical triple agonist.